Articol apărut în Monitorul de Cluj.
“Din pacate, satul romanesc e destul de pustiu, cei ce au ramas sunt parasiti, atat de cei din familie, cat si de sistem. Ar trebui o strategie nationala de salvare (a culturii traditionale – n.r.). Este ultimul moment. Peste 10 ani nu cred ca vom mai avea de la cine sa culegem. In fond, asta e o activitate de salvare a identitatii nationale, cu atat mai mult in aceasta perioada de globalizare”, este de parere cunoscutul interpret de muzica populara Ioan Bocsa.
Indragitul interpret de muzica populara Ioan Bocsa si-a lansat o carte despre muzica locala traditionala – din judetul Salaj, deocamdata -, prilej cu care ne-a dezvaluit cum a trecut la postura de scriitor, la cercetator al muzicii traditionale, despre cariera sa muzicala si a avertizat ca este nevoie urgenta de o campanie nationala de salvare a traditiilor, cantecelor si obiceiurilor populare romanesti.
Ziarul popular: Cum ati descrie cartea pe care ati scris-o?
Ioan Bocsa: E o carte de specialitate,finalizarea unei munci de cercetare de 5 an pe care am facut-o in judetul Salaj, am fost in peste 160 de localitati, si am reusit sa editam aceste doua volume “Muzica locala traditionala din Salaj”, in primul volum sunt aproximativ 1.000 de colinde, in al doilea aproximativ 500 de piese apartinand altor genuri: cantece de mireasa, de seceris, rituale, de catanie, de inmormantare. Cartea e scoasa in conditii grafice impecabile.
Cum este cealalta carte de care vorbeati?
Am o carte mai ciudata, cu care am socat lumea, se numeste “Alfabetul gandurilor mele” pentru ca fiecare gand are un cuvant-cheie si organizarea lor este in ordine alfabetica. Cartea are doua parti in acelasi colum, o parte serioasa, pe coperta am un portret in carbune cu o figura ganditoare. Rasturnand cartea este o alta coperta, cu o caricatura de-a mea facuta de celebrul Popa-Popas, iar inauntru traznai, bancuri, unele chiar nu foarte “usoare”. Joi, 10 decembrie, am lansarea la Capsa, in Bucuresti si in 14 o sa fac lansarea la Cluj. Cine vrea sa intre in legatura cu mine, le stau la dispozitie pe site, pe www.ioanbocsa.ro.
Cum a fost trecerea de la muzica la postura de scriitor?
Trecerea a fost fireasca. Dupa cum am scris si in carte, un om nu e doar serios sau neserios, sobru sau vesel, credincios sau ateu, bun sau rau, e supus in permanenta unei dualitati. Nu ca am vrut sa arat o fata ascunsa, insa de foarte multe ori mi s-a spus “Vai domnu’ Bocsa cantati asa de frumos, dar sunteti prea serios”. Incerc sa demolez un pic aceasta formulare, fiindca in sinea mea chiar sunt un om vesel si-mi plac traznaile, imi plac glumele si-mi plac prietenii.
Cum ati ajuns in Salaj? De ce nu la Cluj?
Volumele nu sunt primele. Sunt cele mai recente, dar am scos doua carti cu 1.484 de colinde si doua volume cu colinde romanesti, cu aproximativ 1.500 de colinde din Alba-Hunedoara. Cu aceste volume de colinde romanesti am obtinut premiul Academiei Romane. Ma mandresc cu acest fapt. Pe baza cercetarii arhivelor, am ajuns la concluzia ca Salajul e o zona foarte putin cercetata. A fost, inainte de cartea asta. Acum nu mai este, din contra, nu stiu daca mai este judet cu atatea productii salvate, din toate satele practic. Sper din tot sufletul sa avem sanatate si o buna colaborare cu organele locale, judetene si municipale din Cluj si sa reusim si aici o cercetare in zonele “albe” (necercetate – n.r.). Vrem sa reusim sa demaram si aici asa ceva, in zonele necercetate pana acum. Clujul a mai fost batut de predecesorii nostri, aici fiind institute de folclor, fiind Academia de Muzica “Gheorghe Dima” au mai fost echipe, s-au facut cercetari serioase. Totusi, sunt, intr-adevar zone necercetate si gandul care ma anima acum este sa vedem ce perioada gasim sa definitivam asta, sa acoperim, cum spuneam, si zonele albe de aici.
Cum sunt oamenii de la care preluati cantece traditionale?
In general, culegem de la persoane foarte varstice. De peste 80-90 de ani. Din pacate, satul romanesc e destul de pustiu, cei ce au ramas sunt atat de amarati, de parasiti, atat de cei din familie, cat si de sistem. Regret ca sunt nevoit sa o spun. Dar, uite, minunea e ca acum, in mileniul III inca mai gasim lucruri adevarate, pe care alte popoare europene si le-au pierdut de sute de ani. Ceea ce se mai pastreaza ca fenomen viu, care se practica in cateva localitati, este colinda traditionala.
Ce ar trebui sa faca oamenii care mai au inca obiecte vechi, care mai stiu cantece si povesti? Cum sa faca sa nu se piarda?
Dumnealor mai greu pot face. Eu cred ca initiativa trebuie sa plece invers. Nu va veni niciodata o persoana de 90 de ani sa imi dea telefon sa imi spuna vedeti ca stiu trei cantece. Singura varianta este de mers acolo, la ei acasa, de cercetat cu rabdare, de comunicat cu ei cat mai bine si ar trebui o strategie nationala. Ar fi o actiune de salvare. Este ultimul moment. Peste 10 ani nu cred ca vom mai avea de la cine sa culegem. Persoanele de 70 de ani, de exemplu, nu-si mai aduc aminte mare lucru, pentru ca n-au stiut.
Nu ar putea sa le transmita nepotilor?
Transmiterea din generatie in generatie se face, in general, prin practicarea ritualului. Cum in momentul de fata rar mai intalnesti traditii vii si care sa faca efectiv parte din viata comunitatii satesti si din acest motiv rar copiii sau nepotii stiu ceva de la bunici. Responsabilitatea ne apartine noua, cercetatorilor, si ar trebui sa apartina si politicienilor si guvernantilor in sensul elaborarii unei strategii nationale de salvare. In fond, asta e o activitate de salvare a identitatii nationale, cu atat mai mult in aceasta perioada de hiper si super globalizare.
Studentii sunt interesati de acest gen de cercetare?
Da, si ma bucura mult asta. In prefata am si scris ca o mare parte din reusita editarii celor doua volume se datoreaza echipei, pentru ca asta nu este munca de o singura viata de om. E o munca de mai multe vieti si atunci trebuie sa imi alatur mai multe vieti alaturi de o idee. Am gasit studenti, absolventi de-ai nostri, beneficiez de o colaborare foarte buna si din care am invatat mult cu prof. univ. dr. Ileana Szenik, care, desi e o persoana foarte in varsta, are inca o vitalitate si o dorinta de a contribui si crea o scoala in urma dumneaei. Sper ca am reusit asta. Am mai multi colegi, absolventi ai academiei care si-au facut doctorat in etno-muzicologie si pe care i-am implicat in acesta echipa de cercetare, sunt profesori din Cluj si zonele limitrofe cu care colaboram foarte bine (fosti absolventi de-ai mei) si cativa studenti care ma bucura foarte tare ca au prins acest gust si efectiv s-au implicat cu toata stiinta lor si sunt doritori sa duca mai departe, sa se implice in aceasta munca de cercetare si de salvare a patrimoniului imaterial.
V-ati gandit in tinerete ca veti avea aceasta responsabilitate?
A, nu. Gandul a plecat de la o cercetare foarte limitata in 1980. Eram la vremea aceea profesor si inspector scolar in judetul Alba. Tema lucrarii de obtinere a gradului I era legata tot de colinde. Atunci am facut o cercetare in Oarda, satul meu natal. Acum este localitate apartinatoare de municipiul Alba Iulia. Am gasit 66 de colinde pe care eu traind acolo nu le-am auzit, deci nu faceau parte din fondul activ. Atunci, asa, ca o luminita si un semnal de alarma m-am gandit ca daca in Oarda, langa oras, am gasit asa ceva, ce-o fi in satele izolate? Am pornit prima data ocazional, iar dupa ce am venit la Cluj la Academia de Muzica, din 1994, am pornit o cercetare sistematica, pe care sper, daca Dumnezeu ne da sanatate, sa o pot duce mai departe.
Cum decurge activitatea dvs de interpret de muzica populara?
Binenteles ca nu am renuntat la activitatea de interpret, atat individual, dar ma bucura faptul ca am reusit sa scot pe scena acest ansamblu de muzica traditionala “Icoane”, care are un caracter de unicat in peisajul folcloric si chiar in perioada asta avem foarte multe spectacole. Am avut un concert la Medias, vom avea unul in data de 17 (decembrie – n.r.) la Catedrala Ortodoxa Mitropolitana din Cluj, de la 18.30. Vom mai merge la catedrala din Sibiu, am concertat la cea din Alba, la Zalau. De exemplu, acum 2 ani, la Zalau, la noua catedrala “Sfanta Vineri” am avut peste 4.000 de spectatori. Deci, nu ne plictisim.
Cum vedeti aparitia genurilor etno, manele, luate de multe ori drept muzica populara?
Cred ca ar trebui o alta discutie separata ca sa vorbim despre asta. Concluzia mea este ca menirea mea nu este neaparat sa combat si sa spun ca manelele sau alte genuri de acest fel nu-si au locul si sunt niste facaturi. Misiunea mea si a noastra, a specialistilor, este sa oferim o alternativa reala, in asa mod incat conationalii nostri sa stie ca ceea ce este legat de spiritualitatea adevarata romaneasca este ceea ce aducem noi din teren.








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